Monthly Archives: February 2011

Humanoid Robot E0 to E3 Evolution

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Honda was investigated in two-legged humanoid robots began in 1986. The first milestone was the development of prototype biped could walk in a static mode and rectum. It was from this early progress that could reach the next key stage of development, which was to develop a more stable and dynamic way. Added to this was the domain need to walk on uneven surfaces and stairs then. A torso and arms are added two to successfully complete the first truly humanoid robot in 1993.

The next step was to modify the robot so it can function and adapt to real-world environments. This stage of development saw the robot structure and operating systems become lighter and smaller. It was also at this stage that communication aids are introduced, and the early stages of intelligence, which enables the robot to recognize and interact with people.

Honda research is ongoing and this will bring further improvements, which will see ASIMO move closer to becoming a viable and real wizard to the people of our human environment.

E0 is the first robot of Honda (E stands Electronics) and the Honda took the challenge to create a two-legged robot that can walk. Walking through the placement of a leg before the other was successfully achieved, and this was assisted by the application of the linear actuators of the joints. However, it takes 30 years between the steps, walking very slowly in a straight line. To increase speed and allow the robot to walk on slopes or uneven surfaces, walking faster be achieved.

In the next stages of E1 to E3 a walking human was thoroughly researched and analyzed. It was through these studies that a faster walking program was created and the entry into the robot. It is the story of the evolution of the Honda robot; E1 saw the introduction of a common base structure. E2 achieved first dynamic walking robot that could also go up and down stairs. E3 was able to increase the running speed of up to 4.7 km / h. also could carry a payload of 70 kg.

Security and Robotics System in Industrial Robots

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The use of robotics in medicine was initiated several years ago and the problem of security in an environment where man is very far. The complexity of such systems and the transfer of responsibility of the surgeon to drive the robot designers to incorporate into their studies of the safety requirements of operation, including one of its key attributes: security. Although this discipline is widely studied in areas such as safety-critical avionics, the specificity of medical robotics leads us to reconsider the notion of risk associated with it. Starting from the undesired effect, damage, cause we go back to considering the concepts of hazard, risk and safety. This leads us to identify possible ways to manage the risk associated with the use of systems of medical robotics. The concepts introduced are illustrated by our experience from the development of a robotic tale-ultrasound system. Continue reading →

Robots learn by experimentation and observation

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Researchers in the European project XPERO have developed a machine learning method that enables a robot in a position to learn fundamental mathematical concepts such as location and orientation in a coordinate system.

The robot initially moves aimlessly through the neighborhood and is characterized, through its sensor data, without being aware of the information contained therein. The algorithm takes these sensor data to generate a model that allows the robot to predict how objects will change their position in his neighborhood as a result of his own movement.

“What is a trivial matter for a man is a robot for a rather difficult problem,” Jure Zabkar, Ivan Bratko shared by the University of Ljubljana, the inventor of the algorithm. “Our robot has less knowledge than a baby. An object seen is meaningless for him. He is just doing color blobs and edges.”

The robot does not know the concept of an object, or a position of an object in a coordinate system, nor does he know how this changed when he moved himself. The machine is therefore not given in advance; he should learn a coordinate system, nor how to get it or what it’s for.

“We have developed a mechanism that allows the robot to extract regularities from the sensor data and to translate them into a model or a theory that enable the robot to better explain and predict what is going on around him right . Learning a coordinate system is simply a manifestation of this ability, “said Zabkar.

What at first more like an academic basis problem excludes, also has an enormous technical relevance, the project coordinator Erwin Prassl explained by the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. The XPERO-project lays the first foundation stones for a technology that has the potential to be a key technology for the next generation to be of service robots that keep our homes clean, mow our lawns or clean our shoes.

Existing products are intelligence-free, pre-programmed devices. You can only run a single pre-programmed task. Neither are they able to start new, not previously familiar tasks, nor to cope with unforeseen operating conditions. Future service robots must however be able to learn based on their existing knowledge and sensor observations entirely new concepts and models and to comply with this new knowledge to new tasks.

Popular Robotic Surgery Today

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Popular Robotic SurgeryMedical robotics and robotic surgery appear to be the future of medical operations. Although the cost of a surgical robot is approximately $ 1.7 million, it is a very large extent. The medical world sees this technology as a remarkable and revolutionary step towards less invasive surgery. Through the use of robotics more complex operations has become very easy.

Performing surgery on body stomachs, livers, gallbladders and colon is now very easy. The surgeons swear by the performance of robotic surgery as it promises less pain, faster recovery, reduced medication, and virtually scar free cut. If present, there is three types of robotic operations are ordered. There are robots operations using monitoring systems to control telecommunications surgical system and shared system control.

The supervisory controlled system, commonly known as computer-assisted surgery, is the most automated system among the three, as mentioned here. For this type of robotic surgery, the surgeon has to carry a significant prep work which includes, entering a lot of data on missile systems, planning for the whole course of action, taking X-rays, test robots motions, placing the robotic instrument in the proper start situation and review the robotic action to make clear everything goes as per system.

The most famous example of this is the robotic system. This was developed by Integrated Surgical Systems. This system has been widely used in orthopedic surgery to give good results.

Robotic surgery is done with the use of telecommunications surgical robotic system is the next category of today’s famous robotic surgery. The current robotic surge current robotic surgery. The use of telecommunications surgical systems, improve the results achieved after the operation, by offering 3-D images of the many hard to reach places, such as the brain.

This technique has also been effective in improving wrist dexterity and superior control of small instruments. Surgeons can now make accurate and controlled movements, really fast; with the help of a robotic arm that has a wide border on the motion.

More and more surgeons decide to perform their operations with the use of telecommunications surgical robotics. Telesugical Robotics had won the favor of most of the processes performed by the robot. These robots are very good and provide the kind of solidity that really tough for human hands to master. The complicated procedures for heart valve repair and artery repairs are now completed, without substantial breaks for recovery.

The shared control system is the last type of surgery performed by the medical robotics. In this type of robotic surgery, the surgeon makes the most of the work, but the robot is used to get help when needed. In a few cases, the robot guard surgeon. It thus provides help and stability during the procedure. Earlier start operation, the surgeon programs the robots to identify the close, secure and restricted areas inside the body.

Close and secure regions are the main concentration of this operation. Covered regions adjacent to lightly damaged soft tissue. In case the surgeon approaches the forbidden area, alarm robot surgeon, and in some cases, when the dangerous zone is reached, the system locks up to keep away from further damage. Shared control may work great for heart surgery. It is in these types of operations, in which the surgeon makes the measure, but stabilizes the robot hand.

Master class in the game of billiards on the robot PR2

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robot PR2

The guys from California’s Willow Garage to have an interesting thing – they support a free robotehnicheskuyu Robot Operating System platform open source. As a final demonstration of ligament ROS and PR2 robot masters “taught” the last game of billiards.

Just a week developers were able to achieve good results – the robot safely play in the pool (American billiards) according to standard rules, without any discounts on the “silicon idol.” That is holding the cue in the same way as to keep a man, and hits exactly the positions from which would beat the living player. To assess the situation on the table, the robot uses a high resolution camera, the discriminating bright spots (read – billiard balls). Laser sensors to help locate boundaries PR2 table and define the pocket, and for the calculation of the physics of motion of the balls corresponds to a public set of libraries.

Of course, there is still work to do – sometimes “electronic player” rolls the white ball or hits at random, but often delivers the blows that the strength is not every man-lover. Watch the video:

If robots outperform humans

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Japan is a leader in the field of roboticsMachines are becoming more human-like – in Japan, robots already were tested in the classroom. But this is only the beginning: scientists predict that people will in future not only have sex with androids, but that machine us no later than 2070 to trump intelligence.

Last month the company announced Gecko system, that you had tests done with a “completely independently operating robotic personal assistants”, which is also called “Carebot known. This robot was designed for older or disabled people to maintain an independent life. The company reported that a person suffering from loss of short term memory loss woman putting on a broad smile as the robot she asked, “Would you like a cup of ice cream” The woman answered yes, and probably the rest of the robots completed.

Human Face: Japan is a leader in the field of robotics. Where robots are already working on hotel reception desks or a teacher.

Robots perform many functions, the arc from activities in the automotive production to defuse bombs – or disastrous – spans the firing of rockets. Children and adults play with robots, robot vacuum cleaner while in care homes for the cleaning and maintenance of cats.

Noel Sharkey, professor of artificial intelligence and robotics at Sheffield University predicts that busy parents will begin to use robots as a babysitter. He raises the question, what will it mean for a child to spend too much time on a machine to genuine empathy, understanding or compassion is not capable.

David Levy is in his book “Love and Sex With Robots” further and predicts that we will once fall in love with human-like, cuddly robot and even have sex with them. But what is the meaning of the presence of a “Sexbots” for a marital union? How will we feel if the spouse is suddenly too much time with an ever-ready love robot spends?

A more ominous question is from novels and films, known: If our civilization must defend itself against one of us created intelligent machines? Some see the development of a man standing on artificial intelligence as inevitable and expected no later than 2070 with their achievement. This as a “singularity” designated torque is seen as a world-changing event.

Japan is a leader in the field of robotics1Eliezer Yudkowsky, co-founder of the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, believes that the singularity will be lead to an “intelligence explosion” that super-intelligent machines more intelligent machines produce, with each generation repeats the process.

The more restrained Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has appointed a special committee to study terms a “potential loss of human control over computer-based intelligence” to perform. If that happens, the crucial question for future civilizations: the super-intelligent computers will be friendly? It is about time to think about steps that prevent contact our creations hostile to us?

Realistic than the question of whether the robots will harm us, are probably initially concerned that we will harm them. Currently there is for robots to clean utensils. But what if they are sufficiently complex to have feelings? Because the human brain is not a very complex machine?

Will we be considerate of the feelings of the machines if they get one day awareness? The history of our relationship with the only non-human, sentient beings – the animals – there is no reason for confidence that we will not consider sentient robots as mere commodities, but as beings with a moral position and interests that need to be considered it.

The cognitive scientist Steve Torrance points out that powerful new technologies such as cars, computers and phones tend to spread in an uncontrolled manner. The development of a robot with consciousness, which is not considered a member of our moral community, could therefore lead to abuses on a grand scale.

The really difficult question, of course, to know where we are, if a robot actually has a consciousness and not only for imitation was conceived by consciousness. It would have to have knowledge of the programming of the robot.

If the robot is designed to have human-like skills that eventually lead to awareness, we must assume that he actually has a consciousness. From that date, the movement for the rights of robots would form.